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Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio

How much investors are currently paying for one naira or dollar of the company's annual earnings. Higher usually means more growth is already priced in.

What it measures

P/E ratio is share price divided by earnings per share. A P/E of 15 means investors are currently paying 15 times the company's per-share annual earnings for one share.

A high P/E isn't automatically expensive and a low one isn't automatically cheap, it depends heavily on what sector a company is in and how fast it's actually growing. A fast-growing technology company and a stable, mature bank can both be fairly priced at very different P/E levels for genuinely different reasons.

A worked example

A share trades at 91.40 and the company reported earnings of 6.10 per share over the last year. P/E: 91.40 / 6.10 ≈ 15.0.

How Kobo & Cents uses it

P/E sits in the valuation and growth category alongside free cash flow and revenue growth rate, and like every other metric here, it's read as a sector-relative percentile, never a fixed "above this number is expensive" rule that would mean something different for a bank than it does for a tech company.

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